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TLS现场分析:耶伦的讲话短鹰长鸽

  本文由TLS美股研究团队【微信号:tlsmeigu】发表,转载请注明作者名称。我们保留追究不署名转载机构和个人的法律权利。

  美联储主席耶伦3月3日在芝加哥Executive Club的讲话我们有幸出席,虽然我们一般对宏观不发表意见,但这次因为市场金价反应强烈,我们认为值得分享几点我们的理解,和大家交流。我们认为耶伦的讲话长期偏鸽派,2-4年内总共加息200基点,对分红股打击不会太大。

  我们下周五(3/10)会参加芝加哥不良资产和债权投资论坛,和大家实时播报。

  简单来说,耶伦的演讲是对长期利率非常鸽派的,她说目前实际美联储利率是-1%(排除通胀),如果通胀回到2%,就业市场继续强劲,她认为把美联储利率加到0%的短期中性利率是合理的(总共100基点),但她没有说是多快的速度(市场预期是今年50-75基点吧)。然后,非常鸽派的言论是,她认为长期中性利率是1%,美联储打算用几年时间从0%到1% 。所以,1-2年内加息100基点,2-4年内再加息100基点,总共200基点,这说明长期利率的上扬不会很快,也就是对稳定分红股的利空不是那么大,因为分红股对长期利率最敏感,而非短期。具体的演讲分析在文末。

  具体怎么量化,按照我们对耶伦研究的分析,我们做了一个简单的测算,见下图。最底下灰色和橙色折叠的曲线是今年3月第一个交易日和17年年首个交易日的曲线。最顶上橙色三角形是07年初,蓝色正方形是08年初(注意当时长短期倒挂的现象)。中间浅蓝色曲线是预计到18年的利率曲线,简单来说就是假设利率曲线平移,没有twist(简评就不预计twist了)。最上面紫色就是预计到2021年的利率曲线。大家可以看到,10年期国债明年会到大概3.61%的水平,和11年类似,5年后到4.76%。这样缓慢的利率上移对分红股的打击不会很大,同时,因为利率上行对应的整体股市市盈率缩水(Earning yield vs. Fed yield)也不会那么快。简单来说,加息不会大跌,分红股值得关注。

  美国国债利率曲线的历史数据和我们的预期

 

  背景知识:什么叫长期中性利率?

  这个利率水平让经济实现充分就业,实际经济增速符合拟合的长期趋势(产能不过剩也不过少),同时物价稳定。如下图所示,三种研究结果(三篇论文)所估算的长期中性利率都在下调。

 

  要点一、长期中性实际利率是1%,但近期目标是0%

  首先,耶伦强调了,长期中性的联储实际利率(排除通胀)” neutral real federal funds rate”应当是1%,这一水平已经很低,主要由于发达国家普遍的老龄化和生产力下降。但是,目前的中性实际利率更低,因为金融危机之后的一系列因素,而且很难测定。但最近的研究估计,目前的中性联储实际利率应当是0%。

  对应原文有合并。

  “In the Committee’s most recent projections last December, most FOMC participants assessed the longer-run value of the neutral real federal funds rate to be in the vicinity of 1 percent. This level is quite low by historical standards, reflecting, in part, slow productivity growth and an aging population not only in the United States, but also in many advanced economies. Moreover, the current value of the neutral real federal funds rate appears to be even lower than this longer-run value because of several additional headwinds to the U.S. economy in the aftermath of the financial crisis, such as subdued economic growth abroad and perhaps a lingering sense of caution on the part of households and businesses in the wake of the trauma of the Great Recession. It is difficult to say just how low the current neutral rate is because assessments of the effect of post-recession headwinds on the current level of the neutral real rate are subject to a great deal of uncertainty. Some recent estimates of the current value of the neutral real federal funds rate stand close to zero percent.”

  要点二、通胀率上来就准备加息

  耶伦说目前实际联储利率是-1%,从-1%到0%仍然符合温和扩张的货币政策。劳动力市场就业增长已经完全高出长期趋势了。美联储之所以还没有加息是因为通胀仍然在2%以下。如果通胀率继续恢复,美联储就会加息了。

  “With the actual value of the real federal funds rate currently near minus 1 percent, a near-zero estimate of the neutral real rate means that the stance of monetary policy remains moderately accommodative, an assessment that is consistent with the fact that employment has been growing at a pace--around 180,000 net new jobs per month--that is notably above the level estimated to be consistent with the longer-run trend in labor force growth-- between 75,000 and 125,000 per month. As I will explain, this policy stance seems appropriate given that the underlying trend in inflation appears to be still running somewhat below 2 percent. But as that gap closes, with labor market conditions now in the vicinity of our maximum employment objective, the Committee considers it appropriate to move toward a neutral policy stance.

  要点三、我们长期加息会非常慢

  美联储慢慢把实际利率从0%加到1%。 下面已经说的非常鸽派了,我们预期实际中性美联储利率会在几年里升到长期水平(1%)。

  “My colleagues and I generally anticipate that the neutral real federal funds rate will rise to its longer-run level over the next few years. This expectation partly underlies our view that gradual increases in the federal funds rate will likely be appropriate in the months and years ahead: Those increases would keep the economy from significantly overheating, thereby sustaining the expansion and maintaining price stability.”

  剩下的演讲就是告诉大家货币政策不是万能的,我们这么多年没有功劳也有苦劳,然后甩一下锅。

(责任编辑:赵男男 HF087)

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